October, 2010

The major elements of STD control, in addition to effective management of

individual patients, are:

expertise; education; expeditious contact tracing; and, evaluation of epidemiological data.

Expertise

Health authorities in each State and Territory conduct STD centres and clinics to provide an expert service. The centres and clinics generally offer free treatment for patients and provide health workers for contact tracing. They should have access to specialist services such as a gynaecologist, colposcopist, dermatologist and clinical psychologist.

Education

Education concerning STDs should be targeted at:

health care workers (medical students, medical practitioners, nurses, Aboriginal health workers);

high risk individuals (homosexual and bisexual men, prostitutes, intravenous drug users);

school students particularly at secondary level; parents; the general public; and patients and their contacts. Health authorities in States and Territories provide publications on aspects of AIDS and other STDs which may be useful to supplement or reinforce counselling.
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Blood and body fluid precautions

Basic precautions should be taken to protect medical and other staff, including cleaning staff, from the risk of such infections as hepatitis B, HIV, herpes, syphilis and HPV. Needlestick injury is a particular hazard. Extraordinary measures are not required but, in addition to basic precautions such as thorough hand washing after examining each patient, attention should be given to:

wearing of gloves when examining patients; precautions against eye splashes; suitable techniques for blood sample collection e.g. use of vacutainers; care not to resheath, bend or break needles after use; safe disposal of syringes, needles and other sharps in rigid-wall puncture-resistant containers; and, safe disposal of infectious clinical wastes. Hepatitis В immunisation should be considered.
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